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Market news today, 23 October 2026: Yes Bank defies court on AT1 coupons as bond yields hit 7.44%

By Anant Kacholia, HexaWealth Research

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The 10-year government bond yield rose to 7.44%, its highest level since March 2023.

The yield has risen 69 basis points over the last 10 weeks, driven by inflation fears as Brent crude oil prices approach $110 a barrel. The RBI is also set to sell bonds worth Rs 30,000 crore.

Higher yields increase the government's borrowing cost, where interest is 40% of revenue receipts this fiscal. For debt funds, this marks a third month of outflows as rising rates pressure existing bond portfolios. The fiscal deficit target of 4.1% depends on oil prices not forcing a steep hike in fuel subsidies.

Yes Bank is preparing to seek a review of the Supreme Court ruling and has indicated it will not pay the AT1 bond coupon due on October 18.

The bank cites contractual discretion in the bond documentation, arguing the issue can only be considered once the Rs 8,415 crore of written-off bonds are reinstated on its balance sheet. Bondholders are demanding payment of the 9% coupon and all coupons skipped since 2020.

The stance tests the enforceability of AT1 terms and shifts resolution to regulators and courts. For holders of the Rs 1.02 lakh crore of AT1 bonds outstanding in the banking system, it signals that high coupons come with payment risk even when a bank is a going concern. Yes Bank's core equity could fall to 10% if past coupons are paid.

YESBANK

Monthly systematic investment plan inflows reached a record Rs 32,490 crore in September.

About 10.06 crore SIP accounts contributed, with around 63 lakh new SIPs registered. The figure is 11% higher than September 2025 and follows equity fund inflows of Rs 38,306 crore, led by small-cap funds attracting a record Rs 9,038 crore.

Retail participation remains resilient despite a 5.1% drop in mutual fund industry assets, driven by debt outflows and mark-to-market losses. The steady flow provides a cushion for equity markets, but concentrated inflows into small-caps increase sectoral vulnerability if sentiment reverses.

Ujjivan Small Finance Bank reported a 200% year-on-year rise in quarterly net profit to a record Rs 365 crore.

Asset quality improved, with gross NPA falling to 2.10% from 2.45% a year earlier and net NPA at 0.31%. The provision coverage ratio remained stable at around 85%.

The earnings momentum supports a return on assets over 2% for FY27. For investors in small finance banks, it shows robust growth in micro-mortgages and MSME loans can coexist with stable credit costs, though the sector remains sensitive to any macroeconomic slowdown affecting its core borrowers.

UJJIVANSFB

Open interest in Nifty futures rose 4.6%, with the maximum pain point for the 27 October expiry at 22,900.

The put-call ratio for the expiry is 0.70, with the largest call open interest at 23,000 and the largest put open interest at 22,000. The Nifty closed at 22,811.

Options positioning suggests a range of 22,411 to 23,070 into expiry. With FIIs holding just 9.5% of their index futures positions long, the market relies on retail and HNI longs, who hold 84%. A break below the put wall at 22,000 could trigger accelerated selling.

NIFTY

Net inflows into Indian gold ETFs rose to Rs 44.5 billion in September, the highest in seven months.

Nearly 3 tonnes were added to holdings, taking cumulative holdings to 124 tonnes. Inflows continued into October, with an estimated Rs 17.22 billion in the first half.

The inflows come despite a 7% fall in domestic gold prices during September, which caused total gold ETF AUM to decline 2.5% month-on-month to Rs 1,863 billion. The shift into ETFs reflects a hedge against inflation and currency risks, but the asset class remains a small 2.25% of overall mutual fund AUM.

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Yes Bank's AT1 coupon standoff tests bank capital contract

Yes Bank is preparing to seek a review of the Supreme Court ruling that reinstated Rs 8,415 crore of its written-off Additional Tier 1 bonds. More immediately, it has indicated it will not pay the 9% coupon due on October 18, three days after the court order. The bank's position rests on a clause in the bond documentation granting it discretion over coupon payments, arguing the matter can only be addressed once the bonds are formally restored on its balance sheet.

Bondholders, through their trustee, are demanding immediate payment of the overdue coupon and all coupons skipped since the 2020 write-off. They cite the Supreme Court's specific direction that coupon payments "shall remain unaffected" by the appeals outcome. This conflict moves the dispute from a question of write-off validity to one of payment enforcement, testing whether the high yields on AT1 bonds—compensation for their loss-absorption feature—also cover the risk of non-payment while the bank operates.

The precedent reaches beyond Yes Bank to the Rs 1.02 lakh crore of AT1 bonds outstanding in the Indian banking system, most issued by public-sector banks. If contractual discretion can override a court order for payment, the risk premium on all bank capital instruments must be repriced. Rating agencies estimate a coupon payment liability of around Rs 6,200 crore for Yes Bank, which could push its core equity tier-1 ratio down to about 10%.

Who bears the resolution cost

The immediate burden falls on retail and institutional AT1 holders, who must now seek regulatory intervention or further litigation. For the RBI and the government, the standoff complicates the bank's reconstruction and forces a clarification on where regulatory power ends and contractual terms begin. The outcome will define the loss hierarchy in future bank rescues and determine whether AT1 bonds remain a viable capital tool for lenders, or become too costly for investors to hold.

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Frequently asked questions

What are AT1 bonds and why do they pay higher coupons?
Additional Tier 1 bonds are perpetual instruments banks issue to count as regulatory capital. They pay higher coupons because they can be written down to zero or converted to equity if the bank breaches viability triggers, meaning investors can lose their principal. The Yes Bank case involved Rs 8,415 crore of such bonds written off in 2020.
What did the Supreme Court rule on Yes Bank's AT1 bonds?
On October 15, the Supreme Court upheld a Bombay High Court ruling that set aside Yes Bank's write-off of Rs 8,415 crore in AT1 bonds. It held the bank's administrator could not assume RBI's regulatory powers to order the write-down. The court also directed that payment of annual coupons must be made as per the bond documents, unaffected by the appeal outcome.
Why is Yes Bank not paying the coupon despite the court order?
Yes Bank cites contractual discretion in the AT1 bond documentation, arguing the coupon issue can only be considered once the bonds are reinstated on its balance sheet. The bank is also preparing to seek a review of the Supreme Court ruling, treating the payment as contingent on the final legal resolution.
How much in AT1 bonds are outstanding in the Indian banking system?
As of December 2022, AT1 bonds worth Rs 1,02,466 crore were outstanding, according to Finance Ministry records cited in the proceedings. Public-sector banks, led by State Bank of India, issued most of them. The Yes Bank write-off was the first of its kind in India.
What is the financial impact on Yes Bank if it pays all past AT1 coupons?
Crisil Ratings estimates the accumulated coupon liability at around Rs 6,200 crore, while S&P Global Ratings sees a reduction in common equity of about Rs 8,400 crore. Paying these coupons could lower Yes Bank's Common Equity Tier 1 ratio to around 10% from reported levels above 13%.
What are bondholders doing to secure payment?
The Yes Bank AT1 Retail Bond Holders Association has asked the debenture trustee, Axis Trustee Services, to secure payment of the overdue October 18 coupon, restore holdings in demat accounts, and seek regulatory intervention. They cite obligations under the Companies Act and Sebi regulations.

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